This message is sent in memory of Bad Man Jose's Mexican Grill, Hillcrest, San Diego, purveyor of the finest burrito ever to walk the earth. I ate about a hundred of the darn things during the final summer-long death march of finishing my book, and now they're gone forever. The Bad Man also used to be open in San Francisco at 4077 18th St in the Castro, (415) 861-1706, but he's not answering his phone -- an ominous sign. As a periodic reminder, to end your subscription to RRE, send a message that looks like this: To: rre-request@weber.ucsd.edu Subject: unsubscribe May I humbly suggest that you create a bookmark in your web browser for the RRE home page: http://communication.ucsd.edu/pagre/rre.html This excellent page includes instructions for unsubscribing, a link to the many Frequently Asked Questions, and links to two different web archives of past RRE messages. The email-based "RRE Archive" of RRE messages is no longer functioning, or at least no longer being kept up to date, but a couple of outstanding volunteers still automatically archive every RRE message at their own sites, one chronologically and the other alphabetically by subject line. Here are some more spam resouces: CIAC recently put out a bulletin entitled "E-Mail Spamming countermeasures". It probably won't tell you anything new, but it's reasonably official. It's on the Web at http://ciac.llnl.gov/ciac/bulletins/i-005a.shtml A lawyer named David Loundy has written about FTC efforts at cleaning up online fraud: http://www.Loundy.com/CDLB/ More anti-spam mechanisms, emphasis on blacklisting -- obviously something that has to be done carefully: http://www.seattlelab.com/slmail/uerc/ I am told that the address to get a fraud report form from the US Postal Service is fraud@uspis.gov, though I haven't tried it myself. The Historical Spam Museum and Archive: http://www.visi.com/~drow/spam/ Spam Haiku: http://pemtropics.mit.edu/~jcho/spam/ I received several erudite messages about cheap pens. Several readers told me to check out the newish so-called gel pens. These seem to be essentially old-fashioned ballpoints with a new kind of ink that flows more smoothly. Joe Betts reported that they are "not only unimpedingly inviscid, but also lubricious". Having gotten a fistful of them at Sterling Art in Irvine, I can confirm that they are indeed lubricious, although I'm not sure I concur with their inviscidity. They might be good for people with wrist problems. Sterling had several models; I bought the Sakura Jelly Roll and the Marvy GT-700, both from Japan. I don't have a clear favorite yet, but I am finding that they are not very good for writing at strange angles, which is important for me because I do not like to sit at a desk, and that they share one of the problems with traditional ballpoints that the new liquid-ink pens solve: those annoying clots of ink that you have to wipe off the tip occasionally. There are other models of these gel pens, such as the waterproof PaperMate Gel Writer that Joe recommended in particular, but I haven't tried them yet. It also seems that I was inaccurate in characterizing the novelty of the pens I was describing. So-called roller ball pens have used liquid ink since the 1980's. I don't have the technical vocabulary to explain what is new about the pens I recommended, but I can certainly testify that they feel completely different than even the best of the older roller ball pens. The difference may simply be that they produce more ink. In any case they do not last extremely long, although part of the problem there might be psychological, given that you can actually watch the ink being depleted. At Sterling I also encountered several brands of liquid ink highlighters that I had not encountered before. I got a few of them but haven't had a chance to test them yet. I will report any great discoveries. Glenn Stauffer ranted about the Avery EverBold Hi-Liters that he bought at WalMart, but I haven't gotten myself over to WalMart yet to get some myself. Some relevant Web sites: Rotring, who make Xonox pens: http://www.rotring.com Levenger, much-recommended mail-order dealer: http://www.levenger.com Some useful articles that I have read recently: Martyne M. Hallgren and Alan K. McAdams, The economic efficiency of Internet public goods, in Lee W. McKnight and Joseph P. Bailey, eds, Internet Economics, Cambridge: MIT Press, 1997. These authors try to make economic sense of the phenomenon of free software that emerges from universities and becomes a de facto standard in the information infrastructure. They point out that free software is a public good: unlike more tangible commodities, everyone can use it simultaneously without using it up. And they suggest exploring in a principled way the relationship between the Market System based on the price system and the University System based on grants and peer review. Whereas the Market System is well adapted for providing appropriable things like cars and sandwiches and poorly adapted for providing public goods, the University System is well adapted for providing public goods and poorly adapted for providing appopriable things. This is an important insight because universities are often criticized these days for not being more like companies, to the point where many people want the University System to be subsumed by the Market System. We probably cannot stop the University System from intertwining with the Market System, but we can -- and should -- reason about their proper relationship. For example, we should explore whether it would be efficient, given the specific economic properties of software, to greatly expand the amount of grant money available for the academic creation of software that is intended to become freely available. To take another example, unlike many of my colleagues I think that the market already plays a positive role in certain aspects of academic evaluation and promotion. In many fields you need to publish a book to get promoted, and the book market provides a very rough check that your book is actually of interest to someone, even though there's no way that anybody could make a living on royalties from such books. The recent shift in the direction of a blockbuster publishing model at Basic Books and Routledge is sorely to be regretted because of the role that these publishers play in bridging between academic and general audiences. Still, the broader point remains. Economics hardly provides the only language for reasoning about the role of the university in a democratic society; academic freedom, after all, is a noneconomic concept that has an important political role in a free society. (As I pointed out here once before, if ideas are simply an economic public good, why shouldn't we get all of our ideas from the government?) But the economics is one part of the story. Many people resist economic language because that language has been used in a simplistic way by people who want to grind an ideological axe by pretending that reality conforms to the built-in assumptions of a particular theory. Once we slough off the ideology and look seriously at the actual dynamics of a world full of network externalities, increasing returns to adoption, public goods, and so on, economic language starts to become more useful and easier to integrate with other, equally valid kinds of language. Paul A. David, Standardization policies for network technologies: The flux between freedom and order revisited, in Richard Hawkins, Robin Mansell, and Jim Skea, eds, Standards, Innovation and Competitiveness: The Politics and Economics of Standards in Natural and Technical Environments, Edward Elgar, 1995. This is a good, thorough introduction to the economic issues that surround technical standards. I've mentioned Paul David before; he is one of those rare economists who understands the math but gives priority to qualitative investigation of history and social process. That makes him well-suited to putting the economic phenomena of standards into intellectual perspective, and doing so in a way that is simultaneously more intellectually sophisticated than standard economic treatments and more accessible to a general audience. The problem is that technical standards, particularly for information networks, activate just about every possibly type of market failure according to the dominant neoclassical economic framework that has saturated both everyday economic rhetoric and academic economic theorizing. David understands and explains these phenomena, but his great strength is that he doesn't see standards as pathological just because they violate the standard theory. Quite the contrary, he sees them as expressing some core features of social order. Bruno Latour, Socrates' and Callicles' settlement, or, The invention of the body politic, Configurations 5(2), 1997, pages 189-240. An awful lot of very visible, very unpleasant intellectual debate in recent years has concerned the alleged outbreak of relativistic nihilism in the academy -- social studies of science, standpoint theories of knowledge, historical study of literary value, and so on. Some of these charges are accurate, but most of them lie along the spectrum between uninformed distortions and malicious, ideologically motivated distortions. Bruno Latour, a flamboyant sociologist of science in France, has been the object of some of the more obnoxious criticisms. Rather than shoot back, he has written this eye-opening paper about the origins of a very important tension between science and democracy -- that is, between the reason of an expert elite and the supposed manias and brute force of the crowd. I say "supposed", of course, because this opposition has always been framed by the experts in a self-serving way that inevitably treats popular involvement in scientific and technical matters as tantamount to fascism. This view is not new, but in fact can already be found in recognizably modern form in classical Greece. Latour returns to the origins of the dichotomy in Plato and reconstructs the outrageously elitist and antidemocratic way in which the epistemological privilege of science is framed from the outset. Does this mean that Latour is "against science"? No, not at all; anybody who has really read his books understands that he celebrates the stuff in a way that is remarkably uncritical for someone supposedly so radical and nihilistic. His point is simply that it becomes possible to reason about the apparent dichotomies and tensions once we have become aware at last of the prejudices that were built into them at their founding. Raymond T. Nimmer and Patricia Krauthouse, Electronic commerce: New paradigms in information law, Idaho Law Review 31, 1995, pages 937-966. Computers and computer networking are causing all sorts of assumptions to resurface for a fresh examination. This process is particularly interesting in the common law, where most of those assumptions originated historically with cases that involved physical objects. As precedents from those cases are applied to new cases that involve digital objects, conceptual tensions become apparent. This particular article, which is tough sledding for non-lawyers but rewards the effort, concerns the concept of negotiability. A piece of paper can be negotiable, and the concept of negotiability is ultimately modeled on the paradigm of a piece of paper. But the authors argue that the concept of negotiability has no role to play in the electronic world. They argue that, in retrospect, the law has been moving away from a concept of negotiability toward a more fundamental conceptualization of the actual relationships and functions in a transaction. The point generalizes, I think, to all areas of law and morality in electronically mediated human relationships. Our ideas about privacy, for example, presuppose a whole set of assumptions about the physical world and the capabilities of our senses, and yet those assumptions are rapidly being invalidated in electronic settings. As a result, we need new conceptualizations of human relationships that are grounded more directly in morals and ethics, without presupposing a specific form of embodiment. Here are some books for anyone who might have found some value in the articles I've written here about religious conservatism: Gil Alexander-Moegerle, James Dobson's War on America, Prometheus, 1997. Bruce Bawer, Stealing Jesus: How Fundamentalism Betrays Christianity, Crown, 1997. Alec Foege, The Empire God Built: Inside Pat Robertson's Media Machine, Wiley, 1996. Robert C. Fuller, Naming the Antichrist: The History of an American Obsession, Oxford University Press, 1995. Linda Kintz, Between Jesus and the Market: The Emotions That Matter in Right-Wing America, Duke University Press, 1997. Donald E. Miller, Reinventing American Protestantism: Christianity in the New Millennium, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997. Elaine Pagels, The Origin of Satan, Random House, 1995. Jean Stefancic and Richard Delgado, No Mercy: How Conservative Think Tanks and Foundations Changed America's Social Agenda, Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1996. A. N. Wilson, Paul: The Mind of the Apostle, Norton, 1997. And here is another batch of new books in the technology-related areas that this list has covered: P. M. Asaro, Transforming Society by Transforming Technology: The Science and Politics of Participatory Design, Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1996. Stephen R. Barley and Julian Orr, eds, Between Craft and Science: Technical Work in the United States, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1997. Brian P. Bloomfield, Rod Coombs, and David Knights, eds, Information Technology and Organizations: Strategies, Networks, and Integration, Oxford University Press, 1997. John L. Casti, Would-Be Worlds: How Simulation is Changing the Frontiers of Science, New York: Wiley, 1997. Richard Cornes and Todd Sandler, The Theory of Externalities, Public Goods, and Club Goods, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Carl J. Couch, Information Technologies and Social Orders, New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1996. Ruth Schwartz Cowan, A Social History of American Technology, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996. Alfred W. Crosby, The Measure of Reality: Quantification and Western Society, 1250-1600, Cambridge University Press, 1997. James Curran, David Morley, and Valerie Walkerdine, eds, Cultural Studies and Communications, London: Arnold, 1996. Judith Wagner DeCew, In Pursuit of Privacy: Law, Ethics, and the Rise of Technology, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1997. Wilson Dizard, Meganet: How the Global Communications Network Will Connect Everyone on Earth, Westview Press, 1997. Gerhard Dohrn-Van Rossum, History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders, University of Chicago Press, 1996. Peter Droege, ed, Intelligent Environments: Spatial Aspects of the Information Revolution, Elsevier, 1997. Tom Ferguson, Health Online: How to Find Health Information, Support Groups, and Self-Help Communities in Cyberspace, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1996. Kimball Fisher and Maureen Duncan Fisher, The Distributed Mind: Achieving High Performance Through the Collective Intelligence of Knowledge Work Teams, AMACOM, 1997. David H. Freedman and Charles C. Mann, At Large: The Strange Case of the World's Biggest Internet Invasion, Simon and Schuster, 1997. James E. Gaskin, Corporate Politics and the Internet, Prentice Hall, 1997. Teresa M. Harrison and Timothy D. Stephen, eds, Computer Networking and Scholarly Communication in Twenty-First-Century University, State University of New York Press, 1996. Horst Hendriks-Jansen, Catching Ourselves in the Act: Situated Activity, Interactive Emergence, Evolution, and Human Thought, Cambridge: MIT Press, 1996. Lynn Hershman-Leeson, ed, Clicking In: Hot Links to a Digital Culture, Seattle: Bay Press, 1996. Ravi Kalakota and Andrew Whinston, Electronic Commerce: A Manager's Guide, Addison-Wesley, 1996. George Kozmetsky and Piyu Yue, Global Economic Competition: Today's Warfare in Global Electronics Industries and Companies, Boston: Kluwer, 1997. Martin C. Libicki, Information Technology Standards: Quest for the Common Byte, Digital Press, 1995. Jerry N. Luftman, ed, Competing in The Information Age: Strategic Alignment in Practice, New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. Donald Mankin, Susan G. Cohen, Tora K. Bikson, and Don Mankin, Teams and Technology: Fulfilling the Promise of the New Organization, Harvard Business School Press, 1996. Robin Mansell, The New Telecommunications: A Political Economy of Network Evolution, Sage, 1994. Thomas P. Moran and John M. Carroll, eds, Design Rationale: Concepts, Techniques, and Use, Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, 1996. David C. Moschella and David Moscella, Waves of Power: Dynamics of Global Technology Leadership 1964-2010, Amacom, 1997. Rolland Munro and Jan Mouritsen, eds, Accountability: Power, Ethos and the Technologies of Managing, International Thomson Computer Press, 1997. Robert E. Neilson, Collaborative Technologies and Organizational Learning, Idea Group, 1997. Michael A. Noll, Highway of Dreams: A Critical View Along the Information Superhighway, Erlbaum, 1996. Gregory J. E. Rawlins, Slaves of the Machine: The Quickening of Computer Technology, Cambridge: MIT Press, 1997. Samuel Weber, Mass Mediauras: Form, Technics, Media, edited by Alan Cholodenko, Stanford University Press, 1996. Deone Zell, Changing by Design: Organizational Innovation at Hewlett-Packard, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1997. end