Some notes on current events, plus a batch of URL's and more books. As a periodic reminder, you are welcome to forward all RRE messages to anyone for any noncommercial purpose. (Some rare exceptions will be prominently marked.) Please, however, do not use Eudora's "redirect" command for this purpose. The first rule of Internet writing is: say something interesting right away. I hope I've just followed the rule myself. Lots of people send me their writings for possible distribution on RRE, and I have to reject most of them. By far the most common problem is that the author spends several paragraphs warming up before providing any new ideas or information. Why does the Internet, like the newspaper, require writers to get right to the point? Some people explain the issue in terms of the "attention economy": readers on the Internet can switch from your essay to somebody else's in no time flat, so you need to grab their attention. Having grabbed their attention, you then need to hold it. For that reason, Internet writing needs to be concise. In writing for this list, for example, I have tried to ensure that every sentence conveys a new and different idea. And if an idea comes into my head, I don't write about it until I can say it in one reasonably clean sentence. It's for others to judge whether I've succeeded in this, of course, but I do know that my writing feels an awful lot different to me than it felt several years ago. The traditional Strunk-and-White rules for writing concretely -- active verbs, straightforward syntax, and all that -- also seem to apply with a special vengeance to the Internet. If the Internet is going to fulfill its vast promise as a new public sphere, we need to teach people how to write for it. Fortunately, that simply means teaching people who to write, period. It's a lost art, but we can find it. Congress originally passed the special prosecutor law in the 1970's because Republicans were running amok. Now Congress is talking about repealing that law because Republicans are running amok. Can you spot the pattern? In fact the pattern is bigger than that. Consider: Andrew Johnson was impeached on a grossly inflated pretext by a Congress dominated by radical Republicans for whom he personified a whole section of the country that they regarded as literally evil. So was Bill Clinton. Andrew Johnson squeaked by because a handful of moderate Republicans resisted an organized pressure campaign. That's the likely outcome here too. Having wounded Andrew Johnson politically, the radical Republicans went ahead with a vindictive Reconstruction policy whose wounds took a hundred years to heal. And so likewise the leaders of modern radical Republicanism view their campaign against Bill Clinton as the opening round of some purges of their own. Pat Robertson, for example, is explicit about this, and it is not much of a coincidence that modern American theocrats refer to their movement as Christian Reconstruction. What's striking and odd about this pattern is that the players have switched sides. The radical Republicans of the 1860's were from the North, and their moral and religious fervor grew from the abolitionist movement. The radical Republicans of the 1990's are consolidating their main base of support in the South, and their leadership is becoming ever more closely identified with Southern reaction against the civil rights movement. So what happened? On the surface, of course, Southerners' profound bitterness toward the Republican Party delayed the formation of the modern conservative alliance by several decades, thus permitting the Democrats to establish long-term Congressional majorities based on the strangest of ideological coalitions. But that's not a complete explanation. The time has come, I think, for Americans to face a certain continuity in their political history: a cultural tendency that originated in European pietism and took form in the United States as a militant antirationalism. Thus, for example, the deep-rooted American tradition of irrational conspiracy theories from the 18th century onward. Although these theories often take secular forms, they are continually renewed by the theological project of rooting out the Antichrist. This tendency is not coextensive with American conservatism, and it is certainly not coextensive with American Christianity, but it is an important running theme in American history nonetheless. In political terms, American pietism has been remarkably protean, taking one form after another, often without any clear continuity. In its manifestation as the First Great Awakening in the 1730's, it scared the daylights out of Englightenment thinkers such as Madison. But then its demonization of the British crown formed the cultural substrate for much of the popular support for the revolution. Later the Second Great Awakening initiated a period of cultural reaction in the 1840's, one of whose manifestations was the abolitionist movement. Today we treat the abolitionists kindly because of the ultimate justice of their cause, but in fact many prominent abolitionists were motivated by a hunt for the Antichrist -- sometimes a slightly secularized hunt and sometimes not secularized at all. The same cultural energy has taken yet other forms since that time. Parts of it took theological form as Fundamentalism in the 1910's, and other parts took political form as anti-Communism. Both of those movements being particularly strong in the South, the fading of enmity toward Republicans has brought us to the present moment. The point is that the paranoid tendency in American politics originates as a disturbed response to oppression that then propels its followers into oppressive policies of their own, the victims of which become prime candidates for the next round of vindictive paranoia. This negative energy is willing to latch onto any cause, any enemy, and if it can dress itself in religion then all the better. In particular, th pietistic movement has served positive and negative roles in American political culture at different times, depending on its enemy of the moment -- which figure, that is, it has temporarily cast in the role of the Antichrist. The new Antichrist is Bill Clinton, who has been made to symbolize a liberal movement that the talk-radio Taliban routinely and massively disparages in the same terms that have historically been used to disparage Satan -- as a vast, omnipresent force of boundless and willful perversity that rules the world through relentless deceit. This is the dangerous paradox of American history: that so many of its best moments have been continuous in their underlying irrationalism with so many of its worst. What is most particularly dangerous about pietism is its antirational character. This antirationalism is the source of the movement's malleability. In some cases it has produced perfectly benign forms of Christian mysticism, but in other cases it has produced straight- out authoritarianism. And that's what's happening here. One mark of authoritarian irrationalism is the routinized use of a particular kind of accusation: falsely or exaggeratedly accusing your enemy of doing what, in fact, you are doing yourself. This pattern is amazingly pervasive and consistent. To take just one small example, I treasure a fund-raising letter that I received several years ago from the conservative group Accuracy in Academia that advocated that feminists be purged from the universities in order to protect academic freedom. In the case of the ongoing impeachment of Bill Clinton, one of these projected accusations concerns the "rule of law". The President's radical Republican accusers invoke this phrase ceaselessly, and yet their claims are perfectly backward. They argue, for example, that the President must be subject to the law the same as everyone else. And yet when the President's defenders -- not to mention prominent Republican prosecutors -- point out that the facts don't fit the law, and that no ordinary citizen would be indicted under those facts, the radical Republicans reply that the President should in fact be held to a higher standard than everyone else. The two contradictory thoughts are quite capable of coexisting without anybody noticing the conflict. Examples of the phenomenon could be multiplied. Another aspect of the rule of law is due process, yet the President is facing serious allegations whose specifics have never been spelled out. When the President's lawyers attempt to apply the law to such facts as have actually been adduced, they are accused of "legalism". When they observe that the President has been indicted for using words whose definitions have been supplied to him by a court, or according to the definition in the dictionary, the radical Republicans accuse him of defining words any old way he likes. When the special prosecutor issued a long series of historically unprecedented subpoenas and the President's lawyers appealed them, the House Judiciary committee presented an article of impeachment arguing that the President had obstructed justice by claiming historically unprecedented privileges. In each of these cases the radical Republicans, in falsely accusing the President of subverting the rule of law, are in fact, by that very accusation, systematically dismantling the rule of law themselves. This is not a coincidence: pietism is specifically not about the rule of law. It is, to the contrary, about the direct and particular revelation of God's will. It is not about the impartial application of law by its letter to everyone on every side of a fight, but rather about a Manichean war between good and evil that begins in the theater of the mind and gets projected out into serious matters of politics. The impeachment trial, in other words, is nothing short a dry run for a new theocracy. It is confusing and frustrating trying to argue with authoritarian pietists, precisely because of the highly cultivated irrationality of their arguments and the habitual pattern of projected accusations. For example, my schematic social history will inevitably be labeled as a conspiracy theory. It is important, therefore, to understand the dynamics of these phenomena in very concrete terms. Authoritarianism somehow reconciles two qualities that are normally thought to be opposite. On the one hand, the members of an authoritarian movement are capable of acting with a high level of solidarity because they share an enemy. On the other hand, authoritarian societies are highly atomistic. How is this combination possible? Not by a conspiracy in the ordinary sense but by something a little more complicated. In the case of the anti-Clinton movement, I recommend a little-noted article by Peter J. Ognibene that appeared in Salon in May 1998. It is entitled "The anatomy of a virtual conspiracy" and it is available on the Web at http://www.salonmagazine.com/news/1998/05/18news.html . Ognibene points to a recurring dynamic in the unfolding conspiracy theories involving Bill Clinton and his circle. Someone with a vivid imagination, whether through research or simply through vigilance, turns up a fact that is compatible with some evil conspiracy, and so they issue an innuendo. The innuendo is often framed as a question, for example "Did Bill Clinton commit bank fraud?". The half-sketched theory is laid out and circulated on radio programs, on the Internet, and in obscure publications. Someone hearing the half-sketched theory then realizes with a shock that they also possess some fact that is consistent with the theory, thereby suggesting a way to extend the theory in some new direction. That new realization is then picked up and spread about by the same media, which treat it as confirming evidence. The new innuendo, in turn, causes someone else, somewhere else, to have their own little revelation. These half-sketched theories and fragmentary innuendoes may never add up to any story that is even coherent, much less proveable. But that doesn't matter, since the sheer mass of smoke will be taken by a large audience to demonstrate the certain presence of fire, and professional propagandists will find ways to frame the facts as suggestively as possible. If the theories aren't proven, the cycle simply starts anew. Fresh innuendoes are produced and circulated about a cover-up, whereupon new fragments of information emerge to elaborate them. Only confirming evidence plays any role, and if contrary evidence or innocent explanations are offered, then thy become raw material for theorizing as well. (One theory on the Internet, by the way, is that Kenneth Starr is himself an agent in a conspiracy to exonerate Bill Clinton.) And so the cycle goes. Psychiatrists refer the pattern of thinking on exhibit here as "splitting": instead of being treated as the complex and ambivalent amalgams that they are, people and institutions are divided mentally into two diametrically opposed halves, an all-good half located entirely inside the self and an all-bad half located entirely inside of a diffusely pervasive enemy. The pattern of projected accusations is one manifestation of splitting: one's own aggressive impulses are experienced as emanating from the object of the aggression, and these subjectively experienced attacks (which are only the misperception of one's own attacks) further pump up the anger and bitternness in a positive feedback loop that can become very dangerous. It's not enough, however, simply to diagnose some kind of personality disorder on the individual level. Crazy people have existed since the beginning of time without necessarily turning into social movements. What's really distinctive about conspiracy movements, from the 18th century to the present, is the interaction between individual psychodynamics and the larger institutional dynamic of mass-mediated rumor mills. The rumor mills spread half-sketched conspiracy theories, and they also spread a huge vocabulary of rhetorical and cognitive forms that turn the pattern of projected aggression into a widely shared social discourse. (Thus, for example, Lucianne Goldberg's immortal assertion that "They hate us because we believe in God.") This interaction has grown even more powerful in recent years as information technology has facilitated highly sophisticated private research activities, such as those conducted in the early days of the Whitewater story by an organization called Citizens United (see the May 1994 issue of the Columbia Journalism Review) whose investigators employed the selective use of evidence to mass-manufacture innuendoes that were reprinted uncritically by the media; these same people later staffed the bizarre investigations of Whitewater in Congress. Such a cycle only gets going, of course, if a large enough subculture starts out predisposed to this kind of loosely associative thinking, to an endless spiraling profusion of questions without answers, and to a worldview in which the President -- Bill Clinton! -- could seriously be thought capable of orchestrating, for example, scores of murders. But although it finds conspiracy everywhere, the result of all of this frenzied activity is not itself a conspiracy. It is something much worse -- an echo chamber in which irrationality is endlessly amplified from one mind to the next, from one theory to the next, and in which the innate human sense of proportion and plausibility and baloney detection is progressively crushed to a pulp. The numerous participants to this dynamic need never assemble in a room; in fact they need never do more than leave one another phone messages, such as the messages that those few reporters who consider this material newsworthy have painstakingly reconstructed among the President's accusers in the early part of 1998. These people are, for the most part, decidedly not conspirators. They're not capable of that. They are lonely nuts, each projecting their own fragmentation onto the outside world in the form of bad religion, bad politics, irresponsible accusations, and an endlessly ramifying sprawl of semi-coherent theories about how it all fits together. And right now they are running the country. Will we submit ourselves to being Reconstructed by them, or will we reassert our collective sanity now? On the subject of cyber war, Sara Miles wrote to point out the similarities (and differences) between the new doctrines and the "low-intensity conflict" doctrine that governed Reagan-era warfare in Central America and elsewhere. If anybody wants to scan in her thorough article on the subject in NACLA Report on the Americas, she'd be happy to send you a copy. She's at smiles@igc.apc.org. The National Writer's Union is putting together a group policy for freelance writers who need libel insurance -- that is, insurance that protects you if someone sues you for libel. Full details at http://www.nwu.org/ben/perils.htm The Legal and Policy Framework for Global Electronic Commerce Berkeley, 5-6 March 1999 http://www.sims.berkeley.edu/BCLT/ecom/ UCLA Center for the Study of Online Community http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/soc/csoc/ Internet Nonprofit Center http://www.nonprofits.org E-Mail Communication Between Government and Citizens http://www.rand.org/publications/IP/IP178/ Telecom Information Resources on the Internet http://china.si.umich.edu/telecom/telecom-info.html GenEthics News http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/genethicsnews/ Constituent E-mail and Congressional Web Sites and Nonprofit Use of Internet Technology for Public Policy Purposes http://www.ombwatch.org/ombw/npt/reports/nptdocs.htm Data Protection Law and On-Line Services http://europa.eu.int/comm/dg15/en/media/dataprot/studies/regul.pdf Access Reports on Freedom of Information http://www.accessreports.com/ National Policy on Microsoft: A Neutral Perspective http://www.netecon.com/robert_e_hall_main_page.htm South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission http://www.truth.org.za/ Stuart Biegel's monthly (1996-97) column on cyberspace, law, and policy http://www.gseis.ucla.edu/iclp/prac.html Cyberspace Law Bibliography http://www.gseis.ucla.edu/iclp/bib.html methodology for assessing privacy protection http://europa.eu.int/comm/dg15/en/media/dataprot/studies/adequat.htm Paul Kedrosky on information and transparent markets http://www.feedmag.com/essay/es151_master.html Learning in the Real World (educational technology skeptics) http://www.realworld.org/ ETS study on technology and student achievement http://www.ets.org/research/pic/technolog.html Spam Cop: Spam Eradication Utility http://www.julianhaight.com/spamcop.shtml article on the latest Registration Wizard controversy http://www.infoworld.com/cgi-bin/displayArchive.pl?/98/50/t18-50.18.htm Intelligent Transportation Systems conference, Toronto, 8-12 November 1998 http://www.itsworldcongress.org/ Engaging Regionalism Conference, Victoria, Australia http://www.civ.org.au/cn99/ Human Rights Watch: Freedom Of Expression On The Internet http://www.hrw.org/hrw/worldreport99/special/internet.html Enabling Network-Based Learning, Espoo, Finland, 2-5 June 1999 http://www.enable.evitech.fi/enable99 FDIC "Know Your Customer" regulations http://www.fdic.gov/lawsregs/fedr/98knocus.txt United States Institute of Peace "virtual diplomacy" bibliography http://www.usip.org/oc/vd/vbiblio.html cyberwar links http://cnn.com/TECH/computing/9812/18/terrorism.idg/index.html Cybercrime, Cyberterrorism, Cyberwarfare http://www.csis.org/pubs/cyberfor.html National Security Archives http://seas.gwu.edu/nsarchive New entries continue to accumulate in my list of books on the social aspects of computing from 1996 and 1997. It never ceases to amaze me (1) how many such books there are, and (2) how many of them keep escaping my very thorough searches. Here, anyway, are all of the books that I have come across since I last sent the whole list to RRE in May 1998. You can find the complete list on the Web at: http://dlis.gseis.ucla.edu/people/pagre/recent-books.html Nabil Adam and Yelena Yesha, eds, Electronic Commerce: Current Research Issues and Applications, Springer, 1996. Steven Alter, Information Systems: A Management Perspective, second edition, Benjamin/Cummings, 1996. Gil Amelio and William L. Simon, Profit from Experience: The National Semiconductor Story of Transformation Management, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1996. Ross Anderson, ed, Personal Medical Information: Security, Engineering, and Ethics, Springer Verlag, 1997. Joey Anuff and Ana Marie Cox, eds, Suck: Worst-Case Scenarios in Media, Culture, Advertising, and the Internet, Hardwired, 1997. John Arquilla and David Ronfeldt, eds, In Athena's Camp: Preparing for Conflict in the Information Age, RAND, 1997. Shimon Awerbuch and Alistair Preston, eds, The Virtual Utility: Accounting, Technology and Competitive Aspects of the Emerging Industry, Kluwer, 1997. Mashoed Bailie and Dwayne Winseck, eds, Democratizing Communication? Comparative Perspectives on Information and Power, Hampton Press, 1997. Donald I. Baker and Roland E. Brandel, The Law of Electronic Fund Transfer Systems: Legal and Strategic Planning, revised edition, Warren, Gorham and Lamont, 1996. Michael A. Banks, Web Psychos, Stalkers, and Pranksters, Coriolis Group, 1997. Victor Bekkers, Bert-Jaap Koops, and Sjaak Nouwt, eds, Emerging Electronic Highways: New Challenges for Politics and Law, Kluwer, 1996. Charles J. Bodenstab, Information Breakthrough: How to Turn Mountains of Confusing Data into Gems of Useful Information: A Guide for Every Type of Organization, Oasis Press, 1997. David Bollier, ed, The Future of Electronic Commerce, Aspen Institute, 1996. Jordi Borja and Manuel Castells, Local and Global: The Management of Cities in the Information Age, Earthscan, 1997. Nick Bozic and Heather Murdoch, eds, Learning through Interaction: Technology and Children with Multiple Disabilities, Fulton, 1996. Sandra Braman and Annabelle Sreberny-Hohammadi, eds, Globalization, Communication and Transnational Civil Society, Hampton Press, 1996. Robert C. Brenner, Pricing Guide for Web Services: How to Make Money on the Information Superhighway, Brenner, 1997. Tal Brooke, ed, Virtual Gods, Harvest House, 1997. David W. Brooks, Web-Teaching: A Guide to Designing Interactive Teaching for the World Wide Web, New York: Plenum Press, 1997. David Brown, Cybertrends: Chaos, Power, and Accountability in the Information Age, Viking, 1997. Susan Buck-Morss, Julian Stallabrass, and Leonidas Donskis, Ground Control: Technology and Utopia, Art Books International, 1997. Bill Burnham, The Electronic Commerce Report, Piper Jaffray, 1997. Meridith A. Butler and Bruce R. Kingman, eds, The Economics of Information in the Networked Environment, Association of Research Libraries, 1996. David Caminer, User-Driven Innovation: The World's First Business Computer, McGraw-Hill, 1996. Chris Casey, The Hill on the Net: Congress Enters the Information Age, AP Professional, 1996. Alan Chai, ed, Cyberstocks: An Investor's Guide to Internet Companies, Hoover's Business Press, 1996. Audrey R. Chapman, ed, Health Care and Information Ethics: Protecting Fundamental Human Rights, Sheed and Ward, 1997. Peter Clayton, Implementation of Organizational Innovation: Studies of Academic and Research Libraries, Academic Press, 1997. Peter S. Cohan, The Technology Leaders: How America's Most Profitable High-Tech Companies Innovate Their Way to Success, Jossey-Bass, 1997. Betty A. Collis, ed, Children and Computers in School, Erlbaum, 1996. Betty Collis, Tele-Learning in a Digital World: The Future of Distance Learning, International Thomson Computer Press, 1996. Melissa Cook, Building Enterprise Information Architectures: Reengineering Information Systems, Prentice Hall, 1996. Anthony Corrado and Charles M. Firestone, eds, Elections in Cyberspace: Toward a New Era in American Politics, Aspen Institute, 1996. Diana Coyle, Weightless World: Strategies for Managing the Digital Economy, Capstone, 1997. Thomas E. Cyrs, ed, Teaching and Learning at a Distance: What It Takes to Effectively Design, Deliver, and Evaluate Programs, Jossey-Bass, 1997. John S. Daniel, Mega-Universities and Knowledge Media: Technology Strategies for Higher Education, Kogan Page, 1996 Doug Dayton, Information Technology Audit Handbook, Prentice Hall, 1997. Regis Debray, Media Manifestos: On the Technological Transmission of Cultural Forms, translated by Eric Rauth, Verso, 1996. Scott E. Donaldson and Stanley G. Siegel, Cultivating Successful Software Development: A Practitioner's View, Prentice Hall, 1997. James A. Dorn, ed, The Future of Money in the Information Age, Cato Institute, 1997. William H. Dutton, ed, Information and Communication Technologies: Visions and Realities, Oxford University Press, 1996. Kenneth Dyson and Walter Homolka, eds, Culture First! Promoting Standards in the New Media Age, Cassell, 1996. Mark Ebers, ed, The Formation of Inter-Organizational Networks, Oxford University Press, 1997. Joshua M. Epstein and Robert Axtell, Growing Artificial Societies: Social Science from the Bottom Up, Brookings, 1996. Terry Evans and Daryl Nation, eds, Opening Education: Policies and Practices from Open and Distance Education, Routledge, 1996. Edward Forrest and Richard Mizerski, eds, Interactive Marketing: The Future Present, American Marketing Association, 1996. Maurizio Forte and Alberto Siliotti, eds, Virtual Archaeology: Re-Creating Ancient Worlds, Abrams, 1997. George Friedman et al, The Intelligence Edge: How to Profit in the Information Age, Crown, 1997. Howard M. Friedman, Securities Regulation in Cyberspace, Bowne, 1997. Richard J. Gascoyne and Koray Ozcubukcu, Corporate Internet Planning Guide: Aligning Internet Strategy with Business Goals, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1997. Beth Givens and Dale Fetherling, The Privacy Rights Handbook: How to Take Control of Your Personal Information, Avon, 1997. Robert L. Glass, Software Runaways, Prentice Hall, 1997. Robert B. Grady, Successful Software Process Improvement, Prentice Hall, 1997. Adele Gray and Gina Alphonso, New Game, New Rules: Jobs, Corporate America, and the Information Age, Garland, 1996. Martin Greenberger, Technologies for the 21st Century, volume 7: Scaling Up, Santa Monica: Council for Technology and the Individual, 1996. Richard Hale and Peter Whitlam, Towards the Virtual Organization, McGraw-Hill, 1997. Jolyon E. Hallows, Information Systems Project Management: How to Deliver Function and Value in Information Technology Projects, AMACOM, 1997. John H. Halvey and Barbara Murphy Melby, Information Technology Outsourcing Transactions: Process, Strategies, and Contracts, Wiley, 1996. Craig W. Harding, ed, Doing Business on the Internet: The Law of Electronic Commerce, Practising Law Institute, 1996. Charles O. Hartman, Virtual Muse: Experiments in Computer Poetry, University Press of New England, 1996. Gail E. Hawisher and Cynthia L. Selfe, eds, Literacy, Technology, and Society: Confronting the Issues, Prentice Hall, 1996. Gail E. Hawisher, Paul Leblanc, Cynthia L. Selfe, and Sibylle Gruber, Computers and the Teaching of Writing in American Higher Education, 1979-1994: A History, Ablex, 1996. Dan F. Henke and Betty W. Taylor, Law in the Digital Age: The Challenge of Research in Legal Information Centers, Glanville, 1996. Luke Hohmann, Journey of the Software Professional: The Sociology of Software Development, Prentice Hall, 1996. John Howkins and Robert Valantin, eds, Development and the Information Age: Four Global Scenarios for the Future of Information and Communication Technology, International Development Research Centre, 1997. Khateeb M. Hussain and Donna Hussain, Information Technology Management, Digital Press, 1997. Urwula Huws and Ewa Gunnarsson, eds, Virtually Free: Gender, Work and Spatial Choice, NUTEK, 1997. Andy Ihnatko, Cyberspeak: An Online Dictionary, Random House, 1997. Institute of Medicine, The Computer-Based Patient Record: An Essential Technology for Health Care, National Academy Press, 1997. Toshio Itoh et al, Technology in the 21st Century: Future Readings for an Information-Oriented Society, Ohmsha, 1996. John Kurt Jacobsen, Dead Reckonings: Ideas, Interests, and Politics in the "Information Age", Humanities Press, 1997. Timothy L. Jenkins and Khafra K. Om-Ra-Zeti, Black Futurists in the Information Age: Vision of a 21st Century Technological Renaissance, Unlimited Visions, 1997. Byrd L. Jones and Robert W. Maloy, Schools for an Information Age: Reconstructing Foundations for Learning and Teaching, Praeger, 1996. Yasmin Kafai and Mitchel Resnick, eds, Constructionism in Practice: Designing, Thinking, and Learning in a Digital World, Erlbaum, 1996. Ravi Kalakota and Andrew B. Whinston, Electronic Commerce: A Manager's Guide, Addison-Wesley, 1996. James R. Kalmbach, The Computer and the Page: Publishing, Technology, and the Classroom, Ablex, 1997. Peter Kandzia and Matthias Klusch, eds, Cooperative Information Agents: First International Workshop, Springer, 1997. Harold Kerzner, Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling, sixth edition, Wiley, 1997. Jack Kessler, Internet Digital Libraries: The International Dimension, Artech House, 1996. Bettyann Holtzmann Kevles, Naked to the Bone: Medical Imaging in the Twentieth Century, Rutgers University Press, 1997. Badrul H. Khan, ed, Web-Based Instruction, Educational Technology Publications, 1997. Bruce R. Kingma, The Economics of Information: A Guide to Economic and Cost-Benefit Analysis for Information Professionals, Libraries Unlimited, 1996. Kerry Kissinger and Sandra Borchardt, eds, Information Technology for Integrated Health Systems: Positioning for the Future, Wiley, 1996. Joseph Migga Kizza, Ethical and Social Issues in the Information Age, Springer, 1998. David Knights and Tony Tinker, eds, Financial Institutions and Social Transformations: International Studies of a Sector, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997. Tom Koch, The Message Is the Medium: Online All the Time for Everyone, Praeger, 1996. Werner B. Korte and Richard Wynne, Telework: Penetration, Potential and Practice in Europe, IOS, 1996. Lori Laub and Kay Khandphur, Delivering World-Class Technical Support, Wiley, 1996. Anne C. Leer, It's a Wired World: The New Networked Economy, Scandinavian University Press, 1996. Robert K. Logan, The Fifth Language: Learning a Living in the Computer Age, Stoddart, 1997. Annteresa Lubrano, The Telegraph: How Technology Innovation Caused Social Change, Garland, 1997. Eugene Marlow, Web Visions: An Inside Look at Successful Business Strategies on the Net, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1997. Eugene Marlow and Patricia O'Connor Wilson, The Breakdown of Hierarchy: Communicating in the Evolving Workplace, Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997. Charles R. McClure and Cynthia L. Lopata, Assessing the Academic Networked Environment: Strategies and Options, Coalition for Networked Information, 1996. Steve McConnell, Rapid Development: Taming Wild Software Schedules, Microsoft Press, 1996. Malcolm McCullough, Abstracting Craft: The Practiced Digital Hand, MIT Press, 1996. John J. McGonagle, Jr. and Carolyn M. Vella, A New Archetype for Competitive Intelligence, Quorum, 1996. Dana C. McWay, Legal Aspects of Health Information Management, Delmar, 1997 William H. Melody, ed, Telecom Reform: Principles, Policies and Regulatory Practices, Lyngby University Press, 1997. Dirk Messner, The Network Society: Economic Development and International Competitiveness as Problems of Social Governance, Cass, 1997. Philip W. Metzger and John Boddie, Managing a Programming Project: People and Processes, third edition, Prentice Hall, 1996. Nancy Milio, Engines of Empowerment: Using Information Technology to Create Healthy Communities and Challenge Public Policy, Health Administration Press, 1996. Riel Miller, Towards the Learning Society of the 21st Century, OECD, 1996. Steven E. Miller, Civilizing Cyberspace: Policy, Power, and the Information Superhighway, ACM Press, 1996. Mary Etta C. Mills, Carol A. Romano, Barbara R. Heller, Information Management in Nursing and Health Care, Springhouse, 1996. Roger C. Molander, Andrew S. Riddile, and Peter A. Wilson, Strategic Information Warfare: A New Face of War, RAND, 1996. Gwendolyn Moore, John Rollins, and David Rey, Prescription for the Future: How the Technology Revolution is Changing the Pulse of Global Medicine, Knowledge Exchange, 1996. Steve Morris, John Meed, and Neil Svensen, The Intelligent Manager: Adding Value in the Information Age, Pitman, 1996. James L. Morrison, The Healing of America: Welfare Reform in the Cyber Economy, Ashgate, 1997. Hope Morritt, Women and Computer Based Technologies: A Feminist Perspective, University Press of America, 1997. David Morse, ed, Cyber Dictionary: Your Guide to the Wired World, Knowledge Exchange, 1996. David C. Moschella, Waves of Power: Dynamics of Global Technology Leadership 1964-2010, Amacom, 1997. Milton Mueller and Zixiang Tan, China in the Information Age: Telecommunications and the Dilemmas of Reform, Praeger, 1997. Colin Myers, Tracy Hall, and Dave Pitt, eds, The Responsible Software Engineer: Selected Readings in IT Professionalism, Springer, 1997. Robert E. Neilson, ed, Sun Tzu and Information Warfare: A Collection of Winning Papers from the Sun Tzu Art of War in Information Warfare Competition, National Defense University Press, 1997. Timothy J. Newby, ed, Instructional Technology for Teaching and Learning: Designing Instruction, Integrating Computers, and Using Media, Merrill, 1996. Eli M. Noam and Aine NiShuilleabhain, eds, Private Networks, Public Objectives, Elsevier, 1996. Nitin Nohria and Sumantra Ghoshal, The Differentiated Network: Organizing Multinational Corporations for Value Creation, Jossey-Bass, 1997. Diana G. Oblinger and Sean C. Rush, eds, The Learning Revolution: The Challenge of Information Technology in the Academy, Anker, 1997. Hiroyuki Odagiri and Akira Goto, Technology and Industrial Development in Japan: Building Capabilities by Learning, Innovation, and Public Policy, Oxford University Press, 1996. Pat Oddy, Future Libraries, Future Catalogues, Library Association, 1997. Thomas A. Ohanian and Michael E. Phillips, Digital Filmmaking: The Changing Art and Craft of Making Motion Pictures, Focal Press, 1996. John O'Looney, Beyond Maps: GIS and Decision-Making in Local Government, International City/County Management Association, 1997. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Electronic Commerce: Opportunities and Challenges for Government, OECD, 1997. Diane Palframan and Andrew Tank, eds, Electronic Commerce: The Risks and Rewards, Conference Board, 1997. S.K. Panda, P. Satyanarayana, and R.C. Sharma, Open and Distance Education Research: Analysis and Annotation, Indian Distance Education Association, 1996. Celia Pearce, The Interactive Book: A Guide to the Interactive Revolution, Macmillan, 1997. William E. Perry and Randall W. Rice, Surviving the Top Ten Challenges of Software Testing: A People-Oriented Approach, Dorset House, 1997. John Plunkett and Louis Rossetto, eds, Mind Grenades: Manifestos from the Future, Hardwired, 1996. Lawrence H. Putnam and Ware Myers, Industrial Strength Software: Effective Management using Measurement, IEEE Computer Society, 1997. Stan Rapp and Thomas L. Collins, The New Maximarketing, McGraw-Hill, 1996. Gregory J. E. Rawlins, Moths to the Flame: The Seductions of Computer Technology, MIT Press, 1996. Oliver Remien, Distance Education and Economic and Consumer Law in the Single Market, European Communities, 1996. Otto Riewoldt, Intelligent Spaces: Architecture for the Information Age, King, 1997. Peter Smith Ring, Networked Organization: A Resource Based Perspective, Almqvist and Wiksell, 1996. Kenneth G. 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